Standard Bathroom Fittings

Standard bathroom fittings of 2011 have the same basic functions as the standard bathroom fittings used by people a century ago in 1911: the hygienic disposal of bodily waste and the maintenance of personal cleanliness. The fitting dedicated to the disposal of bodily waste -- the toilet -- has changed little. Waste is deposited into it and flushed away by the release of water stored in a tank attached to the pan by a pipe. In 1911 people pulled a chain to do this; their 2011 counterparts press a handle or push a button. However, the maintenance of bodily cleanliness a century ago was not quite as simple.

Bathrooms in 1911 had three standard fittings: a toilet, a bathroom sink, and a bathtub. People were unlikely to take a bath more than twice a week. In many homes before World War I, once a week was normal practice. The bathtub was filled from two faucets: hot and cold. The standard bathroom of a century ago was not equipped with any means of using running water to wash hair. Instead, people used pitchers to pour water over their heads. On days that were not bath days, they kept clean by washing their bodies all over while standing at the bathroom sink.

The average bathroom of 1911 did not incorporate a shower for two reasons. One was cost. Showers were expensive, with price tags as high as $300 to $500. In comparison, the Sears and Roebucks 1910 Home Builders Catalog quoted $49.95 as the cost of its most expensive set of standard bathroom fittings, which incorporated a tub, sink and "water closet." Another reason why showers were not included in standard domestic bathroom fittings was a belief at the time that their action could not be withstood by those of a delicate constitution. This included women, who were regarded as fragile compared to men.

Showers became a standard bathroom fitting during the years following the World War I, although even into the 1930s, some women felt the shower's action was too strong for their "delicate female constitutions." Commonly, the shower head was fitted above a recessed bathtub, which meant just one shower curtain was required to retain water within the tub area. A shower, bathtub, sink and toilet are still the four standard fittings required for a bathroom in 2011.

European bathrooms incorporate a fifth standard fitting, the bidet. This item of sanitary ware is shaped like a toilet and is used to wash the anal and genital areas following a bowel movement, or simply to freshen up at any time. It is used by both sexes but is particularly useful to women as a means of maintaining feminine hygiene.

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